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What genetic condition is characterized by a lack of genetic material on the fifteenth pair of chromosomes?

  1. Down Syndrome

  2. Williams Syndrome

  3. Fragile X Syndrome

  4. Turner Syndrome

The correct answer is: Williams Syndrome

Williams Syndrome is characterized by a deletion of genetic material on chromosome 7, specifically the 7q11.23 region, rather than on the fifteenth pair of chromosomes. The genetic condition that actually involves the fifteenth chromosome, specifically the deletion of genetic material on 15q11-q13, is Prader-Willi Syndrome, not Williams Syndrome. Prader-Willi Syndrome is associated with a lack of gene expression from the paternal allele in that region of chromosome 15, which can lead to a range of symptoms including intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, and physical characteristics such as obesity and short stature. This illustrates the importance of understanding specific chromosomal abnormalities and their associated syndromes when studying genetic conditions, particularly in the context of special education and individual support strategies for affected students.